Therefore, given the desired setting time, the Al 2(SO 4) 3 + CaCO 3 system produced the best combination of thermal conductivity and compressive strength. The Al 2(SO 4) 3 + CaCO 3 system yielded a lower thermal conductivity (~0.24 W/mK) than the Al 2(SO 4) 3 + citric system (~0.31 W/mK), although their corresponding compressive strengths (~2.4 MPa) were quite similar. However, the corresponding compressive strength of 0.72 MPa was still very low, about three times lower than that of the other systems. It was also the system that best preserved the compressive strength for every unit reduction in the thermal conductivity. The results showed that, within the desired setting time, NaHCO 3 provided the lowest thermal conductivity (~0.22 W/mK) and the highest efficiency (i.e., the highest rate of the thermal conductivity reduction for each percent of additives) among the three systems studied. Emphasis was given to the setting time such that it would lie within 20–25 min, for the formulation to be practically useful. Three systems of additives, namely Al 2(SO 4) 3 + CaCO 3, Al 2(SO 4) 3 + citric acid, and NaHCO 3, were investigated for their foam-forming ability in order to lower the thermal conductivity while preserving the compressive strength of the foamed gypsum. The present work aimed to explore the potential of using Al 2(SO 4) 3 and NaHCO 3 as gas-producing additives for the formation of foamed gypsum.
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